26 朝画夕识

名字：郑文颖

鉴赏项目：中国画

语录：以画之关纽透入于书，以书之关纽透入于画

中国画的介绍（Introduction of Chinese Painting）

        中国画是中国传统的绘画形式，也是特有的艺术形式。五代十国以后，中国文人艺术得到了很高的社会地位。宋代以前，绘画作于绢帛上，材料相当昂贵。宋元以后，纸材改良，推广了士大夫文人画的兴起。到了明代，绘画推广到大众，风俗画因此而产生。

        Chinese painting is a traditional Chinese painting form as well as a unique art form. After Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, Chinese literati artists gained a high social status. Before the Song Dynasty, paintings were made on silk and the materials were quite expensive. After the Song and Yuan dynasties, the improvement of paper materials promoted the rise of literati paintings. In the Ming Dynasty, paintings were popularized to the general public, and genre paintings appeared too. 

鉴赏与心得（Art Appraiser and Reflection）

        中国画有自己的文化内涵、审美标准、对生活观察的体验及审美观念。因此，中国画在内容和艺术创作上表达了古人对自然、社会道德及相关联的认识，并体现了中国画民族传统的哲学观念和审美观。在对客观事物的观察认识中，采取以大观小、小中见大的方法去认识客观事物，而不是做局外观或局限在某个固定点上。它除了渗透着人们的社会意识之外，还能起到教育作用。 

        唐代画家张璪说 “外师造化，中得心源”，意思是艺术必须来自现实美。但是，这种现实美在成为艺术美之前，必须先经过画家主观情思的再造。必须是客观现实的形神与画家主观的情思统一了的东西。所以，作品所反映的客观现实必定会带有画家主观情思的烙印。这句话讲出了中国画自古以来的文化理念的主要部分。因此，一切审美的来源都在于自然和心源这两方面。

        中国画有别于西洋画。原则上，中国画讲求的是一种概括性，重在神似，不重形似；强调观察总结，不强调现场临摹；重视意境，不重视场景。而这些原则恰好和西洋画相反。因此，中国画是“表现”的艺术；而西洋画是“再现”的艺术。 

        接触中国画后，除了学会皴法等几种技法外，还深入了解到中国画的内涵，那就是“以形写神”、“气韵生动”。“远观其势，近观其质”，中国画作品里反映了作家的气度与气质修养。因此，整幅画的细节与气势才是最打动人的感受。王国维先生也说，有感而发，由情而动，是最高的境界。

        Chinese painting has its own cultural connotations, aesthetic standards, experience of life observation and aesthetic concepts. Therefore, Chinese painting expresses the ancient people's knowledge of nature, social morality and related relations in content and artistic creation. It also embodies the traditional philosophical concept and aesthetics of the Chinese painting nation. In the observation and understanding of objective things, the method of “Small By Near and Big In The Distance” is adopted to understand the objective things, instead of making the bureau appearance or confining it to a fixed point. In addition to permeating people's social consciousness, it can also play an educational role. 

        Zhang Zao, a painter in Tang Dynasty declared that "Fortunately, the source of the heart can be gained by naturality", which means that art must come from the beauty of reality. However, before this kind of realistic beauty can become artistic beauty, it must be reconstructed by the artist's subjective thoughts. It must be the unity of the objective reality of form and spirit and also the painter's subjective sentiment. Therefore, the objective reality reflected in the works must fulfill the imprint of the artist's subjective sentiments. This sentence tells the main part of the cultural concept of Chinese painting since ancient times. 

        Chinese painting is different from Western painting. In principle, Chinese painting emphasizes a kind of generality, similarity of the spirit, artistic conception but not the scene. These principles are exactly opposite to Western painting. Chinese painting is the art of "expression"; while Western painting is the art of "reproduction". 

        After getting in touch with Chinese painting, I learned several painting techniques such as “Cun”. Besides, I also learned deeply about the connotation of Chinese painting, which are "embodying spirit in forms" and "vivid charm". "Momentum for Distant View and Essence for Close-shot", the Chinese painting works reflect the author's magnanimity and temperament. Therefore, the details and momentum of the whole painting are the most touching feelings. Mr. Wang Guo Wei said that it is the highest state to be touched by feelings.