31 剪出花样

名字：李汇嘉

鉴赏项目：剪纸

语录：用心剪纸，剪出自己心里想要的花样。

剪纸的介绍（Introduction of Paper-Cutting）

        剪纸，顾名思义就是用剪刀将纸剪成各种各样的图案，如窗花、门笺、墙花、灯花等。

        在中国，每逢过年或是新婚喜庆，人们都会把美丽鲜艳的剪纸贴在家中窗户、墙壁、门和灯笼上。这样节日的气氛便会被渲染得非常浓郁喜庆。

        剪纸的内容也很多，寓意很广。比如有人物活动、花卉、鸟兽虫鱼等剪纸题材。祥和的图案是人们寓意企望为自己和家人带来吉祥和能够避邪；娃娃、葫芦等图案则是象征着多子亦多福。鱼、虫等图案被中国农民认为与他们劳作的日常生活息息相关。

        从一些考古遗存中发现，剪纸艺术早在北朝（386年-581年）的时候就已经出现了，至今也已经有一千五百年的历史。在北朝时期，剪纸技艺已经相当精熟。而在隋唐以后，剪纸艺术更日趋繁荣。到了宋朝，更开始出现了剪纸行业和剪纸名家，让剪纸开始普及；而明清时代则是剪纸的高峰期。

       Paper-cutting requires the use of scissors to cut paper into different patterns, such as window grilles, door sheets, wall flowers, lanterns, etc.

In China, people will stick beautiful and colorful paper-cuts to windows, walls, doors and lanterns in their homes during Chinese New Year or wedding celebrations. In this way, the festive atmosphere would be very rich and festive.

There are also a variety of paper-cutting contents that have a general definition. Paper-cutting themes include character events, flowers, birds, beasts, insects, and fish. Peaceful patterns are a sign of people's desire to bring good luck to themselves and their families and to resist bad spirits; patterns of dolls and gourds are a symbol of many children and many blessings. Patterns such as fish and insects are considered by Chinese farmers to be closely connected to their daily chores.

It has been discovered from some archaeological remains that the technique of paper-cutting appeared since the Northern Dynasties (386-581) and has a history of 1,500 years. During the Northern Dynasties, paper-cutting skills were already competent. In the Song Dynasty, the paper-cutting industry began to emerge and  the Ming and Qing Dynasties were the pinnacle of paper-cutting.

鉴赏与心得（Art Appraiser and Reflection）

        剪纸的种类很丰富，用途也十分广泛。它为人们的生活增添了无穷的乐趣，也反映了人们美好的理想和愿望。我所剪的这三个剪纸分别是属于装饰使用的窗花和礼仪类的喜花和供花。

        首先，第一个作品窗花是人们用于在贴窗户上作装饰的剪纸。这是因为中国北方农家窗户多是木格窗，有竖格或方格，再在窗上面张糊一层洁白的“皮纸”，逢年过节便更换窗纸并贴上新窗花，以示除旧迎新。我所呈现的作品是属于折枝团花的窗花形式。这一种折枝窗花的剪法十分简单，只需要角对角对折3次，并画出我们想要的图案，再剪掉多余的部分，就完成了一个可以装饰在窗口的窗花了。我认为窗花的样式和题材都是自由的，人们都可以根据自己想要的样式在节日时剪出红红的窗花来作为装饰家居的饰物，不但美化了居家的环境，也寓意着希望一切吉祥如意。

        另外，第二个作品是礼仪类的喜花。喜花是婚嫁喜庆时装点各种器物用品和室内陈设用的剪纸。一般是将剪纸摆衬在茶具、皂盒、面盆等日用品上，有的则贴在梳妆镜上。喜花图案题材多是强调吉祥如意、喜气洋洋的寓意。我的作品是一个双喜字配置双凤凰的喜花样式。在婚庆的剪纸图案中出现两条凤凰在一起成对出现的情况，就是人们借用了凤凰作为吉祥鸟的称号来传达蕴含在图案本身的美好祝愿。这一种剪纸的折法很简单，但是在剪时则需要多花一点时间和功夫。

        最后，我的第三个作品则是礼仪类的凤梨供花剪纸。供花属于在祭祀时或节日里用来装点祭品，供品的剪纸。供花的题材，多取吉祥之意。也有的与供品的内容相似：如在鱼类的供品上装点鱼形供花；在糕点供品上陈放果形供花。我所呈现的凤梨供花剪纸则是用来敬拜神明，贴在凤梨上的剪纸，凤梨剪纸的寓意则是有着福建话“旺来”即企望着可以好运旺旺来的吉祥意思。

      The usage of paper-cutting is really wide. It adds endless fun to people's lives and also reflects people's beautiful ideals and wishes. My three end products are used for decorative window grilles and ceremonial flowers and flowers.

First of all, the first window grille is a paper-cut that people use to decorate windows. Most of the windows of farmhouses in northern China are wooden latticed windows with vertical or square lattices, covered by a layer of white "leather paper".. The works I present are in the form of window grilles with folded branches and flowers. The cutting method of this kind of folding window grille is very simple. It only needs to repeat the step which is folding the paper from corner to corner three times continuously, then draw the pattern we want, cut off the excess part, a window grille that can be decorated on the window is complete. People can cut out red grilles during festivals according to the style they want to decorate their homes. This not only beautifies the home environment, but also implies hope that everything is auspicious. 

My second work is Xihua. Xihua is a paper-cut for various utensils and indoor furnishings used in wedding and festive fashion. Generally, paper-cuts are placed on daily necessities such as tea sets, soap boxes, basins, and some are pasted on vanity mirrors. The theme of the happy flower pattern emphasizes good luck and happiness. My work is a double-happiness character with a double phoenix-like flower pattern. The two phoenixes appearing in pairs in the wedding paper-cut patterns are that people have borrowed the title of phoenix as an auspicious bird to convey the best wishes contained in the pattern itself. This kind of paper-cut folding method is simple, but it takes more time and effort to manage it.

My third work is the etiquette paper-cutting of pineapple offering flowers. Flower offerings belong to the paper-cuts used to decorate offerings or festivals. The subject matter of the flowers is more auspicious. Some are similar to the offerings: for example, decorating fish offerings with fish-shaped offerings; putting fruit-shaped offerings on pastry offerings for flowers. The paper-cuts of pineapples that I presented are used to attach to the pineapples for worshiping the gods. The meaning of the pineapple paper-cuts is the auspicious meaning of "wanglai" in the Hokkien dialect, which means good luck and getting rich soon.