名字:汪施伶
鉴赏项目:皮影戏
语录:影偶之魂,影出人生
皮影戏的介绍(Introduction of Leather-Silhouette Show)
“皮影”是对皮影戏和皮影戏人物(包括道具场景制品)的通用称呼。顾名思义,皮影是以皮革为原料制成的,出于坚固性和透明性的考虑,又以驴皮和牛皮最好,所以也叫驴皮影。在皮革刻好图形后,再用红、黄、绿、黑等透明质地的颜料上色。这些特殊的材质和颜料,使得皮影人物和道具在后背光的照射下,投影到布幕上的影子显得艳丽而晶莹剔透。
皮影是一门综合性的民间艺术,包括影人和道具的雕刻、染色,演出时的舞动影人、演唱、配乐等。它流传区域非常广泛,曾经是民间重要的娱乐形式。受各地风俗民情的影响,从而形成不同的地方特色。比较有名的陕西皮影、河北皮影、浙江皮影等。
Leather-silhouette is a general term for both leather-silhouette shows and characters who appear in such shows (including props and other stage objects). As its name shows, leather-silhouette is made of leather; for the sake of durability and transparency, the best raw material is donkey and ox skins, therefore it can also known as “donkey leather silhouette”. The leather is painted with transparent red, yellow, green and black colours after being cut into certain designs. These special materials and colours make the shadow of leather figures and props beautiful and transparent when it is cast onto a backlit cloth screen.
Leather-silhouette shows are a comprehensive folk art, involving the cutting of leather figures and props, dyeing, the manipulation of such figures in performance, singing and accompanying music, etc. It is extensively spread throughout China, and was once a significant entertainment form for ordinary people. Influenced by local customs, leather-silhouette shows vary from one place to another in the cutting of leather figures, vocal tunes and performance patterns, therefore, they have formed different genres, with the most famous forms on leather-silhouette originating in Shaanxi, Hebei and Zhejiang.
鉴赏与心得(Art Appraiser and Reflection)
皮影戏的演出需有戏台、剧本、影偶、乐师、演师等。在这次的创作中,我将从剧本、音乐以及影偶这三方面进行鉴赏。由于皮影戏的演出内容多源自中国的传统历史故事或民间传说,因此我自编一篇名为《东施的烦恼》的剧本,其故事大纲是我自行想象的原本的成语故事“东施效颦”的续集,是东施与魔镜在一个地下洞相遇的故事。因皮影戏主旨大多是宣扬抑恶扬善褒忠贬奸,体现了群众朴素的伦理道德观念,具有一定的人民性,所以我想通过这个故事映射出东施追求美丽的理想是值得学习的,她从来都没有嫉妒过西施的美丽,反而欣赏西施的美丽还把她当成学习的目标,只是因为她用错方式才会造成“东施效颦”这个讽刺的成语故事;而借“魔镜”象征着现实生活中那些说话没经过思考的人,出口就很直接、伤人的人,明明是自己要帮别人解决烦恼,反而人家把烦恼说出来后,非但帮不上忙,还要羞辱他人,是一个恶劣行为,也活该被世人唾弃。在这次表演中,我以台湾的戏曲唱腔为主(广东的潮调),因为其腔调我较为熟悉,有点跟我们马来西亚的福建话、潮州话有点相似;而背景音乐因没有乐师在这次表演中,我都是沿用网上有的音乐素材。在一场皮影戏里,粉墨登场的主角是“影偶”,虽然种类繁多,但区别主要在声腔和剧目方面,至于影人制作和表演技术则大同小异。影偶的制作过程一般先将牛皮或驴皮、羊皮刮去毛血,加工成半透明状后再刻制上彩,其雕绘工艺讲究刀工精致,造型逼真,是极具地方色彩的民间艺术作品。影人一般分头、身、四肢等几部分,均为侧影,头部附有盔帽,身部、四肢皆着服饰,涂油彩后用火砖烘烤压平即成。演出时将影人的头插于身部,身与四肢相接,同时在身部和两手安上三根竹扦,即可操作。
The performance of leather-silhouette requires stage, script, shadow puppets, musician, actors, etc. I am going to analyse the script, music and shadow puppets. Since most of the performances of leather-silhouette are derived from traditional Chinese historical stories or folklore, so I wrote a script named “The Troubles of Dong Shi” according to the story outline of an idiom story “Dong Shi Imitates a Famous Beauty Knitting Her Brows”. The sequel of the story is about Dong Shi meeting the magic mirror in an underground cave. Most of the theme of leather-silhouette is to promote the suppression of evil, praise the good ones. It reflects the simple ethics and morality of the people. Therefore, what I want to bring out through my story is that Dong Shi’s ideal of pursuing beauty is worth for us to learn. She has never been jealous of Xi Shi’s beauty and even appreciates Xi Shi’s beauty and regards her as the goal of learning but she unintentionally used the wrong way to make a joke on herself. Meanwhile, the characteristic of the magic mirror symbolizes those who speak directly without thinking and hurt others, obviously they want to help others solve their troubles, but not really given any help even humiliate others. This behaviour is worse in real life. In this performance, I used Taiwanese opera singing (Cantonese tunes), because I am familiar with its tune which is a bit similar to our Malaysian Hokkien and Teochew dialects. As there is no musician in this time, I got the music sources from the Internet. In the show, the protagonist is the shadow puppets. Although there are many types, the production and performance techniques for shadow puppets are similar. The process of making shadow puppets is generally to shave off the fur and blood of cowhide or donkey skin or sheep skin, then process it into a translucent shape and engrave it with colour. After painting, the shadow puppets are baked and flattened with fire bricks. During the performance, the performer needs to connect the parts of head, body and limbs of the shadow puppets, and manually operate the three bamboo skewers which are sticked on their body.
这是我第一次观看皮影戏,让我有着新颖的感觉,非常好看。从你的表演中我也似乎晓得为何皮影戏在早期之时是一项非常受欢迎的民间活动,仿佛可以感受到在那时候没有发达的科技,没有电视之时,它带给了民间很多的娱乐与欢乐的原因。从中我更是得知要演出一部皮影戏并非如此简单,正是你所说的“台上十分钟,台下十年功”。然而,观看你的影片后让我想起或许我们的后代不知是否有幸观看“皮影戏”的机会。因此,从你影片中更是让我有了想学习的念头,以便来日身为老师时也能将之娱乐带到班里去。
回复删除施伶同学好,我是慧莹。这是我第一次观看皮影戏,让我有着新颖的感觉,非常好看。从你的表演中我也似乎晓得为何皮影戏在早期之时是一项非常受欢迎的民间活动,仿佛可以感受到在那时候没有发达的科技,没有电视之时,它带给了民间很多的娱乐与欢乐的原因。从中我更是得知要演出一部皮影戏并非如此简单,正是你所说的“台上十分钟,台下十年功”。然而,观看你的影片后让我想起或许我们的后代不知是否有幸观看“皮影戏”的机会。因此,从你影片中更是让我有了想学习的念头,以便来日身为老师时也能将之娱乐带到班里去。
回复删除施伶皮影戏的呈现非常精彩。就制作过程来看,它的程序极其费时。从皮影箱到影偶,都是出自施伶的巧手。再到剧本,也都是施伶亲自改编的,非常有趣。故事内容写实,仔细发现,东施的脸上还有一小颗痣。普遍认为,长在脸上的痣会影响美观,这是东施的烦恼,也是施伶塑造人物的细心之处。用烦恼解决烦恼,本来就是劝解世人要看得开,是一个比较积极上进的心态。可是这里的烦恼解决烦恼,却有种很深的利用意味,留有讽刺余韵。皮影戏确实是一门综合艺术,台前到幕后都涉及多方面的艺术门类,是该被传承的艺术。
回复删除皮影戏的确是是一门综合性的艺术,它涉及到了剧本,演唱,配乐以及影人和道具设计等等。非常佩服施伶一人完成了整个皮影戏的创作与演出,甚至是剧本都是自己编写的。故事非常的有趣,除了具有娱乐性,施伶也利用故事传递信息。皮影戏这门艺术表演越来越少,希望这门艺术得以传承,不会失传。
回复删除施伶你好,我是瑞涵。这是我首次接触皮影戏,认为你的整个表演都非常地好,故事非常有趣!虽没有乐师但我觉得采用的背景音乐都特别搭,开场的敲锣声直接吸引了我。前面有说到皮影戏是一门综合性的艺术,涉及戏台、剧本、影偶和演师及其他等,我觉得这些表演能一人独自完成真的非常不容易。世人皆追求“真、善、美”,我认为这里的皮影艺术也充分地展示了这一点,它以返璞归“真”艺术表现形式,通过故事来启发观众,抑恶扬“善”,而故事中的东施也代表了世人对“美”的追求。通过视频我能感受这门艺术背后蕴含的意义,虽为民间艺术却有很高的境界。期待你下次的表演。
回复删除施伶你好,你的皮影戏表演真的十分精彩。你自导自演的剧本内容也十分有趣,皮影人物和道具在后背光的照射下显得栩栩如生。皮影戏不仅是民间的娱乐项目,而且也让我们见识到了古人的智慧。虽然古代并没有电影院这种娱乐场所,但是古人们对于生活有所追求,懂得用自身的智慧去制作和设计道具,不禁让人钦佩。
回复删除施伶你好,我是嘉慧。我从你所呈现的皮影戏认识到了传统手艺的精髓在于雕刻和线条的艺术美,甚至也蛮惊奇古人会运用光影折射的技巧,去呈现一个会动的画面。其次,我觉得皮影戏的剧本也颇为创意,剧本的内涵符合皮影戏大众化的形象,也可以展现文学性的一面。接着对你的说唱表示很敬佩,其中能留意不同角色的声调有低沉、响亮、粗犷、细弱的变化,即使没有视觉特效也能体会剧情的起伏。我觉得皮影戏虽然在现代已经不再普及化,甚至也在面临传承的问题,但皮影戏承载着多元的艺术特色,从普遍的娱乐节目,到具有文学性与艺术性,是值得年轻一辈去守护和认识的。
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